Reading

Task 7

Read Passage 1 and work in pairs to speak out the English equivalents of the Chinese expressions given in brackets.

1．Accountants（including CPAs）commonly are engaged in professional practice or are employed by businesses，government entities，______（非营利性组织）and so on.

2．Accounting firms usually render three types of services：audit or assurance services，______（管理咨询服务），and tax services.

3．The purpose of an audit is to lend credibility to the______（财务报告）.

4．An audit involves an examination of the financial reports（prepared by the management of the entity）to ensure that they conform with______（公认会计准则）.

5．Other areas of assurance services include______（电子商务）integrity and security and information systems reliability.

6．Income tax services include both______（纳税筹划）as a part of the decision-making process and the determination of the income tax liability.

7．In a business enterprise，the______（首席财务官）（usually a vice president or controller）is a member of the management team.

8．In a business entity，accountants typically are engaged in a wide variety of activities，such as general management，general accounting，______（成本会计），profit planning and control（budgeting），______（内部审计），and computerized data processing.

Passage 1

Task 8

Read the passage again and supply the missing words or expressions to complete the following statements in pairs.

1．In the United States,only those who have got a college degree with a specified number of accounting courses,good character,one to five years of______,and successful______can get the license of CPA.

2．The size of accounting firms varies from only one person to thousands of people.Most accounting firms are organized in the form of a partnership(in many cases,a______,or LLP).

3．Audit or assurance services,management consulting services,and______are the three types of services provided by accounting firms.

4．The task of an audit is to make sure that the financial reports of a company fairly______.

5．CPAs are not allowed to perform certain consulting services for the public companies that they audit for the purpose of______.

6．As______are getting more and more complex,CPAs are required to have specialized knowledge in taxation.

7．For organizations,the data provided by the accountants can help them______and control operations.

8．Hospitals and universities as well as all levels of______all need accountants.

Task 9

Work in groups and translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1．As with all recognized professions,accounting requires a high level of academic study and rests on a common body of knowledge.

______________________________

2．Although an individual may practice public accounting,usually two or more individuals organize an accounting firm in the form of a partnership(in many cases,a limited liability partnership,or LLP).

______________________________

3．An organization,depending on its size and complexity,may employ from a few to hundreds of accountants.

______________________________

4．Because of the increasing complexity of state and federal tax laws,a high level of competence is required,which CPAs specializing in taxation can provide.

______________________________

5．The vast and complex operations of governmental units,from the local to the international level,create a need for accountants.The same holds true for other not-for-profit organizations such as hospitals and universities.

______________________________

Task 10

Work in groups and discuss the following questions.

1．What are the requirements of a qualified CPA in the United States?

2．Where do accountants commonly practice professional services?

3．What does the Big Four refer to?

4．What's the most important assurance service performed by the CPA in public practice?

5．What are the common activities of management consulting services?

6．What's the significance of tax-planning?

Task 11

Work in pairs to complete the statements with the information from Passage 2.

1．The major task of managerial accounting is to provide information for______.

2．The year 1929 witnessed dramatic______in the United States.

3．The International Accounting Standards Committee was founded in June 1973 in London for the purpose of eliminating______among countries.

4．The International Accounting Standards issued after April 2001 are referred to as______.

5．To solve the problem of inconsistencies in financial reporting across the world,the company accounts must be______.

6．More and more countries have adopted IFRS since 2002,and there is a tendency of______of accounting standards.

7．To cope with the______,IFRS must be constantly revised.

8．The main reason for the resistance of IFRS in the United States is that the US accounting professionals think that the IFRS______and GAAP is better than it.

Passage 2

Task 12

Read the passage again and work in pairs to translate the following phrases into Chinese or English.