![弹在膛上:一个维和士兵的战地纪实](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/637/23734637/b_23734637.jpg)
关于作者
杨华文,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人。1986年出生,2004年入伍,毕业于中国人民解放军国防科技大学。历任排长、宣传干事、组织干事,现为解放军某部纪律检查干事,上尉军衔。2013年12月至2014年9月,以首批赴马里维和部队警卫分队政工干事身份到马里执行维和任务,亲历并记录了维和行动。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0003_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-bLjRnjUxlN7GPcKsO1Gn9dK1LHaGSnJF-0-1716d131b3c3e01704937e471c5b9c93)
尼日尔步兵营的士兵正在“俱乐部”看电视,房间内部设施很简陋
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0003_0002.jpg?sign=1739531283-WledoQmcMZRvmwJCX4kM3zXRs8ivkS6Q-0-fd0fef3019d0e17edeb2796b2ee3d913)
尼日尔官兵正在祷告。这种宗教仪式的作用类似于中国军队的政治教育
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0004_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-6Unlorr7D5vGwsrpYUmK5lXLWGqjoSlO-0-431489a82d11d681085700f5e569ce10)
一名卢旺达警察帮着中国士兵装沙箱。卢旺达警察营是驻加奥所有非洲维和部队中内务最整洁、着装最统一的。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0004_0002.jpg?sign=1739531283-pLkHBxbAfGABTkfyaS8SqxniP3QVP6xQ-0-b50c02e68190971e8300ed6921839d72)
这是准备去前线作战的乍得士兵,车上挂了很多火箭弹
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0005_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-QEWgtdg8UDMsmlqyHFlDqiQOgwP9FG2M-0-7d44058ef3ba77b6f57456662db33687)
中国警卫全副武装迎接“联马团”司令卡佐拉检阅
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0005_0002.jpg?sign=1739531283-uRZDfBUt1LYtG6U26kxdgB65iFveeBD9-0-c20d031dfe19a58e3a38dac51b08171a)
卢旺达警察营沿着加奥主干道游行,纪念卢旺达大屠杀。游行获得了各国维和部队和加奥人民的大力支持
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0006_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-B0YcYydmZPR7zd09t9hzNxrrf3K5Rp5e-0-4c4cf7202859826fcf874c3fce1f1f5e)
警卫一排的一辆步战车正在为荷兰工兵作业区进行警戒,作业可休息,警戒却全时存在
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0006_0002.jpg?sign=1739531283-wGd6TgRseZXgZrLX9DLcTS82Z3J8g7fj-0-7a48bca3dbc6381b699b41abaa51a2c3)
卡斯特营区在一望无际的沙漠里,哨兵又干又热
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0007_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-vDtHonYSwng7ZZyLvEVi49tb8DuuGueM-0-e613ca9620def32f8f0074119cf2e938)
荷兰特种分队官兵被中国维和营区的标语吸引。所有标语都是用中英两种文字制作的,既有教育官兵作用,又有对外宣传目的
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0007_0002.jpg?sign=1739531283-J3Cb80wv0RiRiz3F7K9pRJGd2GkXai8V-0-0037ec37b4789d138a83f31dd8035692)
每次出入卡斯特营区大门,荷兰哨兵都会对中国军人致以军礼。他们对中国军人为其提供防卫充满感激
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0008_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-kye95VZlJgvJ9Ll3wiCNPCCQNnS3HDrJ-0-cc2291965d49577c94aed289676e00a5)
荷兰部队实现了高度的军民融合,企业跟到了战场上
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0008_0002.jpg?sign=1739531283-0K3oEdUH4j92zGJzek6JDWFzANYtz1sk-0-c46746eec62db69b905bdec1e330962c)
荷兰维和部队新老指挥官以钥匙为信物进行权力交接。这位新指挥官是任务区唯一的女指挥官
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0009_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-gV7Y3czoh9541DXgILBrjcRuNo7N1YNe-0-07865da051910a557157d7cdd11a063d)
小切磋增进大友谊。荷兰军人还是很好相处的,很随和、很幽默,而且偶尔还会搞些恶作剧
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0010_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-fYx3VstFi7sGV1MeN2mAWVGWjG0lJj8A-0-5a7cb5277da31f6499ec32167b7b7fed)
法军的“潘哈德”步战车小巧轻便,皮实耐用非常适合沙漠地形,是法国人的骄傲
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从飞机上俯瞰马里北部地区,植被稀少
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0011_0002.jpg?sign=1739531283-WrGfwaZYOHRlyHiJwb4phfk9CBOVX0Wo-0-53186b39b454fd7ca30ba59a707f8394)
牛角瓜叶子被弄破后,涌出白色浆液,具有消炎抗菌、化痰等药用价值
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0012_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-1324qxh13JbKEta5jYM23qTqQKbC9d4L-0-169af163fa4d18ad399880f9ff89196b)
尼日尔河有丰富的渔业资源,沿河百姓可以靠捕鱼养家糊口
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0012_0002.jpg?sign=1739531283-Nl3Kqt0Ryn7Ewta3ga62xt80KVOFbOjo-0-72338fde23b85697017830d275059ba4)
枯水期,百姓抢割尼日尔河的水草,用来制成牲畜饲料
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-1ytbsK42xASFts4gUwqkBzaFNEUiknfR-0-4f6201b77696c7b0e4a1da08c2fb56ec)
尼日尔河沿岸气温高、水分足,蔬菜生长得非常快
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0002.jpg?sign=1739531283-0WZVdkdkjvMd2RBANkJYp9xnOAqbQ58M-0-f1f8713491d55ea5ff05c4fcc9808d01)
尼日尔河边的马军哨位非常简陋,就是个窝棚,完全没有防弹能力
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-NGlKGNyeMOxnmtZCbTacKmCPK2fuKQ5L-0-241c5743f12212b1171040b4a009c430)
人都活得如此艰难,何况驴。装满水泥的车深陷在沙子里,“驴”失前蹄,栽倒在路上
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0002.jpg?sign=1739531283-3b5YHJJG5Q79KctSu6hnBc7prGCll0MY-0-2dcee9f5b68d92597a99826a32c57427)
即便是一动不动,哨兵也是汗流浃背。幸好我们在国内集训时经历了耐热训练
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0015_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-BZTlBpKQ63u8ZsM9vmYLXYsCs5QuNiqd-0-eda016c8d5bf6cf22dfe2230471963b3)
这个小瓦罐凝结了当地百姓的生存智慧,透气不透水,可以通过蒸发水汽自降温度
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0015_0002.jpg?sign=1739531283-fk3dzkoUg6vExcxvBejezTLD5f8XUEyL-0-4b3aa3d5b09ce51d77b5a009c40847ac)
这种泥土房的学名叫西非泥造建筑,表面经过防水处理,主体是混合的泥层,不怕烈日晒,不怕暴雨淋
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0016_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-vLKGv6hgtDS3PVjWSrkKz8q0Ylhgzfxq-0-8c8e16b2afec5787606ae78531d9bf18)
旱季来临,口渴的织雀倒立在水龙头下喝水,虽有翅膀,但它们不会飞离巢穴太远
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沙暴前沿景象,5分钟后天就“黑”了,一丝光亮都没有
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沙暴过境,哨兵只能通过具有夜视功能的监控来观察
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0017_0002.jpg?sign=1739531283-2pMl2bOOTEaGeUReiYJvelX3SerShRBf-0-1aa98c1fec5bb846a5f66d5b6e9b27c9)
每周六是装备保养日,战士们要将枪械内的泥沙清理干净,而后在关键部位擦上少许的枪油,防止沾沙
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0018_0001.jpg?sign=1739531283-cPjI6ASivSfmDLIs9uStrh9g3uid7QfI-0-1566476052d290bd69ea93c733ad4cca)
经常能够看到孩子照看孩子的现象,大人们为了生存拼搏,家庭重担过早地分担到大一点的孩子肩上
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0018_0002.jpg?sign=1739531283-5dmu4oQvSlqA3GEztM1UdGK3DKkQo01f-0-cb1dfaeed5ecda9e6d42cc9a39d49c16)
这是潜伏在暗处、一动不动的狙击手王长军。对于狙击手来说,隐蔽是和射击同等重要的一项技能